Although a new and improved agreement was eventually signed, it did not satisfy Iran's demands and left bad feeling on both sides. Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran in 1971. [1] Aangezien prins Hamid vanaf zijn zesde jaar in Engeland had gewoond en nauwelijks Perzisch sprak liet het Verenigd Koninkrijk dit idee varen en koos uiteindelijk toch voor de zoon van Reza Sjah, kroonprins Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In 1923 trouwde Reza Khan voor de derde keer, nu met Qamar ul-Mulk. [21] As Soviets interpreted the treaty, they could invade if events in Persia should prove threatening to Soviet national security. Would His Highness kindly abdicate in favour of his son, the heir to the throne? [citation needed]. [41] This point of view, however, may be refuted by the claims that the anti-Jewish incidents of September 1922 in parts of Tehran was a plot by Reza Khan. Tehran, 21st December 1959. A.Kasravi, The case or the defense of the accused. [citation needed] Reza was 25 years old then. Reza Shah also purchased ships from Italy and hired Italians to teach his troops the intricacies of naval warfare. She married Reza Shah in 1923 and accompanied him to his exile. Reza Shah's reforms opened new occupations to Jews and allowed them to leave the ghetto. Pahlavi is the founder and leader of the self-styled National Council of Iran, an exiled opposition group, and is a prominent critic of Iran's Islamic Republic government. The British took the dispute before the League of Nations. During the first period, which lasted from 1925–1932, the country benefited greatly from the contributions of many of the country's best and brightest, to whom should accrue the credit for laying the foundations of modern Iran. Op 12 december 1925 werd hij door het parlement (Majlis) tot Sjah-an-Sjah ('koning der koningen', keizer) verkozen. Establishment of the first Iranian kindergarten and school for deaf people. Islamic Values and World View: Farhang Khomeyni on Man, the State and International Politics, Volume XIII, "Reza Shah - Historic Footage with Soundtrack", "The only known footage of the Reza Shah of Iran with audio discovered in Turkey - YouTube", "Reza Shah of Iran speaks to Kemal Ataturk - YouTube", "Reza Shah of Iran meets Ataturk of Turkey - YouTube", "آمار ترانزیت کالا از کشور و میزان کالاهاى عبورى نشان دهنده نقش و اهمیت کریدور شمال و جنـوب درترانزیت کشور است که با کامل شدن زیرساخت هاى لازم این نقش به مراتب افزایش خواهد یافت.ولى بـا دقـت در ایـن آمارها مشاهده مى شود که نقش کریدور شرق به غرب در کشور، همچنان کمرنگ و بى رونق است", "Iran, Jews and the Holocaust: An answer to Mr. Black", "Country name calling: the case of Iran vs. Persia", "Iranian officials discover body of Reza Shah Pahlavi", "Iran Unearths Mummy That Could Belong to One of its Last Royal Leaders", "Kolana Řádu Bílého lva aneb hlavy států v řetězech", IRANNOTES.com | High Quality IRANIAN Banknotes and Coins, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Shah&oldid=1012081092, Grand Cordons of the Order of the Lion and the Sun, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from October 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2009, Articles needing additional references from September 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Successful suppression of separatist movements and. The Allies had complete control over the skies of Iran, and large sections of the country were in their hands. [21] Zia ol Din Tabatabaee wrongly calculated that when Reza Khan was appointed as the minister of war, he would relinquish his post as the head of the Persian Cossack Brigade, and that Reza Khan would wear civilian clothing instead of the military attire. Under … In 1904 werkte hij als kozak en als bediende voor de Nederlandse consul Frits Knobel, die als consul-generaal in Teheran diende van 1889-1895 en van 1902-1904. In 1911 he was promoted to First Lieutenant, by 1912 he was elevated to the rank of Captain and by 1915 he became a Colonel. Gedurende die tijd vond de revolutie plaats in Iran die een einde maakte aan de heersende Pahlavi-dynastie. On 14 January 1979, shortly before the Iranian Revolution, the remains were moved back to Egypt and buried in the Al Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo. Reza Shah initiated change in foreign affairs as well. The shah’s White Revolution fostered development but harmed many Iranians. Reza Sjah overleed op 66-jarige leeftijd te Johannesburg. The tribes bore the brunt of the new order. "[81], In August 1941, the Allied powers the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union invaded and occupied neutral Iran by a massive air, land, and naval assault without a declaration of war. 4 talking about this. Nationalizing Iranian forests and jungles. Reza Pahlavi addressing the Oxford Union on the 4th February 2014. His Imperial Majesty Reza Shah Pahlavi was born in Mazandaran Province in 1878 to Abbas Ali and his wife Noush Afarin. Dit item staat op de zoeklijst van 2 verzamelaars. In late 1920, the Soviets in Rasht prepared to march on Tehran with "a guerrilla force of 1,500 Jangalis, Kurds, Armenians, and Azerbaijanis", reinforced by the Soviet Red Army. Major Iranian cities (such as Tehran) were suffering repeated air raids. Officials said that they reburied the body.[100][101]. The wedding between the Shah of Persia Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Diba. Supporters held that the veil impeded physical exercise and the ability of women to enter society and contribute to the progress of the nation. [11][12] His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire),[13][14] whose family had emigrated to Qajar Iran when it was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth. Reza Pahlavi (geboren als Reza Khan) (Alasht, Savadkuh, Perzië, 16 maart 1878 – Johannesburg, Zuid-Afrika, 26 juli 1944), vaak Reza Shah genoemd, was de stichter van de Pahlavi-dynastie en sjah van Iran (Perzië) van 1925 tot 1941. Ramesh Sanghvi, The Shah of Iran (1969), is less a study than an enumeration of Reza Shah's political achievements. Ontdek professionele Reza Shah video's en stockbeelden beschikbaar voor licentiëring voor film, televisie, reclame en bedrijfsgebruik. It is thought that the British provided "ammunition, supplies and pay" for Reza's troops. 1 2 3 . The standoff was ended when troops from Iranian Azerbaijan arrived and broke into the shrine,[59] killing dozens and injuring hundreds, and marking a final rupture between Shi'ite clergy and the Shah. On 8 June 1932, a British Embassy report states that the British were interested in helping Reza Shah create a centralizing power. It was, however, attributed more to the Iranian people than others, particularly the language. [28][verification needed], From the beginning of the appointment of Reza Khan as the minister of war, there was ever increasing tension with Zia ol Din Tabatabaee, who was prime minister at the time. Reza Shah was the first Iranian Monarch in 1400 years who paid respect to the Jews by praying in the synagogue when visiting the Jewish community of Isfahan; an act that boosted the self-esteem of the Iranian Jews and made Reza Shah their second most respected Iranian leader after Cyrus the Great. Iran's Reza Pahlavi: A Puppet of the US and Israel? Relations with the Soviet Union had already deteriorated because of that country's commercial policies, which in the 1920s and 1930s adversely affected Iran. As Crown Prince of Iran and the oldest of four siblings, he left Iran at the age of 17 for air force training, during which time the establishment of the clerical regime in Iran prevented his return to his homeland. Reza Khan’s first role in the new government was Commander-in-Chief of the Army and the Minister of War. [58] In 1935, a backlash erupted in the Mashed shrine. [citation needed], Support for the Shah came principally from three sources. [118] In the spring of 1950, after the foundation of the National Consultative Assembly, he was given the title "Reza Shah The Great". Reza Pahlavi in the Wall Street Journal, 9 February 2017: The Trump Effect-66 3425 . [80] He became totally dependent on his military force and the army, which in return regularly received up to 50 percent of the public revenue to guarantee its loyalty. They had one daughter: * Hamdamsaltaneh Pahlavi (1903–1992) (see, Aga Khan III) His second wife was Tadj ol-Molouk (1896–1982), by whom he had four children: * Princess Shams Pahlavi (1917–1996) * Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919–1980) One complaint about his development program was that the north-south railway line he had built was uneconomical, only serving the British, who had a military presence in the south of Iran and desired the ability to transfer their troops north to Russia, as part of their strategic defence plan. He lived on a diet of plain rice and boiled chicken in the last years of his life. In 1925, Reza Pahlavi was appointed as the legal monarch of Iran by decision of Iran's constituent assembly. H.I.H. [36], Reza Shah's reign has been said to have consisted of "two distinct periods". Rezá Šáh Pahlaví (původním jménem Rezá Savádkúhí, později Rezá Chán; asi 16. března 1878 – 26. července 1944) byl předseda vlády Persie (1923–1925) a v letech 1925–1941 perský, resp. The later years of his reign were dedicated to institutionalizing the educational system of Iran and also to the industrialization of the country. He forced the dissolution of the previous government and demanded that Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabatabaee be appointed Prime Minister. Reza is said to have avoided political participation and consultation with politicians or political personalities, instead embracing the slogan "every country has its own ruling system and ours is a one man system." Along with the modernization of the nation, Reza Shah was the ruler during the time of the Women's Awakening (1936–1941). Reza Shah abdicated in favor his son who succeeded to the throne as Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi on September 16, 1941. In 1959, the government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both "Persia" and "Iran" could officially be used interchangeably. In 1911, he gave a good account of himself in later campaigns and was promoted to First Lieutenant. [citation needed], During a 1934 meeting with Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Reza Shah spoke in Azeri Turkish, and Atatürk in Istanbul Turkish[63][64][65][66][67][68], In 1931, he refused to allow Imperial Airways to fly in Persian airspace, instead giving the concession to German-owned Lufthansa Airlines. Op 22 februari 1921 pleegde kolonel Reza Khan samen met de pro-Britse journalist Zia al-Din Tabataba'i een coup. He could analyze the strengths and weaknesses of men instantly, constantly planning where an individual may make the best out of a situation. [116], Following the overthrow of the Qajar dynasty and becoming the Shahanshah of Iran, he commanded all offices of Iran to address him with his surname and title, "Reza Shah Pahlavi". [115] Although Reza Shah was said to have been a strict man, where many men feared looking straight into his eyes, when it came to family, he was described as being kind and loving. State and Society under Reza Shah" in Atabaki, Touraj; lbrecht Schnabel and Amin Saikal (2003), Democratization in the Middle East: Experiences, Struggles, Challenges, and Modernization. [74] The Germans agreed to sell the Shah the steel factory he coveted and considered a sine qua non of progress and modernity. The Anglo-Soviet invasion was instigated in response to Reza for having denied the request to remove the German residents, who could threaten the Abadan refinery. Reza Shah, in a letter handwritten by Foroughi, announced his abdication, as the Soviets entered the city on 17 September. His initial career started as a private under Qajar Prince Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma's command. He pursued reform selectively, modernizing the educational and judicial systems, but retaining unpopular economic concessions from the Qajar era. Shah tried to create a confederation of Iran's neighbors, in particular Turkey and the Middle Eastern countries. When the Shah learned of the generals' actions, he beat armed forces chief General Ahmad Nakhjavan with a cane and physically stripped him of his rank. They cannot because they were too young to remember the chaotic and desperate conditions out of which arose the autocrat named Reza Shah. The Bolsheviks condemned the aggressive foreign policy of Imperial Russia, promised never to interfere in Persia's internal affairs, but reserved the right to occupy it temporarily in the event another power used Persia for an attack on Soviet Russia. Women were allowed to study in the colleges of law and medicine,[55] and in 1934 a law set heavy fines for cinemas, restaurant, and hotels that did not open their doors to both sexes. Interviews . Perzsia utolsó sahja (1941. szeptember 26-ától de facto 1979. január 26-áig), a hatalmat megragadó Reza Pahlavi gyermeke volt. [19] About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan led his 3,000-4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade, based in Niyarak, Qazvin, and Hamadan, to Tehran and seized the capital. The defeat of Nazi Germany was followed in short order by the Cold War, which placed Iran on the front lines of the East-West conflict. Dit item staat op de zoeklijst van 1 verzamelaar. "2. The Soviet Union responded by annexing portions of northern Persia, creating the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic. By 1920, the government had lost virtually all power outside its capital: British and Soviet forces exercised control over most of the Iranian mainland. They had four children together: The third wife of Reza Shah was Queen Turan Amir Soleimani (1904-1995), who was from the Qajar dynasty. [48] Although (internally) the country had been referred to as Iran throughout much of its history since the Sasanian Empire, many countries including the English-speaking world knew the country as Persia, a legacy of the Greeks who referred to the entire country after the province of Pars. The annual defense budget of Iran "increased more than fivefold from 1926 to 1941." Reza Shah Pahlavi (n. 15 martie 1878, Mazandaran Province[*] , Iran – d. 26 iulie 1944, Johannesburg, Africa de Sud) a fost primul șah al dinastiei Pahlavi. The Shah wanted 21%. Rezā Shāh Pahlavi (March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944) was the Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from 1925 to 1941.. His defenders assert that he was an essential modernizing force for Iran (whose international prominence had sharply declined during Qajar rule), while his detractors assert that his reign was often despotic, with his failure to modernize Iran's large peasant population eventually sowing the seeds for the Iranian Revolution nearly four decades later, which ended 2,500 years of Persian monarchy. Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi was born in Tehran, Iran on October 31, 1960 to the late Shah of Iran and Empress Farah Pahlavi. Parliament ceased to be a meaningful institution, and instead became a decorative garb covering the nakedness of military rule. The marriage lasted until Maryam's death in 1904, the couple had a daughter: Reza Shah's second wife was Nimtaj Khanoum, later Queen Tadj ol-Molouk (1896-1982). The minister of finance, Prince Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III, who played an important role in the first three years of his reign, was convicted on similar charges in May 1930, and also died in prison, in January 1938. Fearing execution by the Communists, many people (especially the wealthy) fled the city. The concession granted Persia 16% of the net profits from APOC oil operations. His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire), whose family had emigrated to Qajar Iran when it was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth. Reza nam tevens de titel Janab-i-Ashraf (doorluchtige hoogheid) aan. The Soviets extracted ever more humiliating concessions from the Qajar government, whose ministers Ahmad Shah was often unable to control. His personal doctor had boosted the King's morale in exile by telling him that he was suffering from chronic indigestion and not heart ailment. He founded the Pahlavi dynasty that lasted until overthrown in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution. [49] While Persians are only one of several ethnic groups in Iran, their home province Pars was a center of political power in ancient times under the Achaemenid Empire and Sasanian Empire as well as other Iranian dynasties, hence the somewhat misleading usage of the name Persia (in other countries) up to 1935 when referring to Iran as a whole. Wegens zijn hervormingsbeleid kwam hij vaak in conflict met de geestelijkheid. In 1903, he is reported to have been guard and servant to the Dutch consul general Fridolin Marinus Knobel. The Shah's reign is sometimes divided into periods. This move met opposition from the Mullahs from the religious establishment. [84] The British and Foroughi agreed that for the Allies to withdraw, Iran would have to expel the German minister and his staff should leave Tehran; the German, Italian, Hungarian and Romanian legations would be closed; and all remaining German nationals (including all families) would be handed over to the British and Soviet authorities. [79] He confiscated land from the Qajars and from his rivals and into his own estates. [97] He was sixty-six years old at the time of his death. FarmanFarma noted that Reza had potential and sent him to military school where he gained the rank of gunnery sergeant. Reza Shah's coronation took place much later, on 25 April 1926. [71] However nowadays, it is importance of north south transit corridor is considered as important and there is no justification about west-east transit.[72][73]. Ali-Akbar Davar, his minister of justice, was suspected of similar charges and committed suicide in February 1937. Hij raakte geïnspireerd door president Atatürk van Turkije en koning Amanoellah Khan van Afghanistan. The death of Kemal Atatürk and the start of the Second World War left these projects unfinished. His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persia… Many Iranian commanders behaved incompetently, others secretly sympathized with the British and sabotaged Iranian resistance. [55] The Shah also encouraged women to discard hijab. By 18 September, most of the German nationals had escaped via the Turkish border. Reeds spoedig raakten Reza en Tabataba'i met elkaar in conflict en in juni 1921 werd Tabataba'i als premier ontslagen. He took the title Sardar Sepah (Persian: سردار سپاه), or Commander-in-Chief of the Army, by which he was known until he became Shah. [34], While the Shah left behind no major thesis, or speeches giving an overarching policy, his reforms indicated a striving for an Iran which—according to scholar Ervand Abrahamian—would be "free of clerical influence, nomadic uprisings, and ethnic differences", on the one hand, and on the other hand would contain "European-style educational institutions, Westernized women active outside the home, and modern economic structures with state factories, communication networks, investment banks, and department stores. Otherwise, he left those who were progressive or intellectual alone, as stated previously. However, this is false, as claimed by his own son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (who claims the exact opposite). He announced that female teachers could no longer come to school with head coverings. HIM Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was the Shah of Iran. [70], Not all observers agree that the Shah minimized foreign influence. [46][47], In the Western world, Persia (or its cognates) was historically the common name for Iran. 1967), and Yahya Armajani, Middle East: Past and Present(1970). Katouzian, Homa (2003). [15] His father was a Mazandarani,[5][6][7][8] commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856. Getty Images biedt exclusieve rights ready en premium royalty-free analoge, HD en 4K-video van de hoogste kwaliteit. Richard H. Ullman. [22] General Ironside gave a situation report to the British War Office saying that a capable Persian officer was in command of the Cossacks and this "would solve many difficulties and enable us to depart in peace and honour". [44] The general practice was to "draw up, with the help of the police chief, a list of parliamentary candidates for the interior minister. Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1961) Mission for my Country, London, page 41; Prior to his seizure of power, Persia's stocks of firearms were unstandardized and unreliable He was removed as the minister of court in 1932 and died under suspicious circumstances while in prison in September 1933. Eradication of corruption in civil servants, paying wages in time so people did not have to rely on bribes. [30] It induced the Parliament to grant Reza Khan dictatorial powers, who in turn assumed the symbolic and honorific styles of Janab-i-Ashraf (His Serene Highness) and Hazrat-i-Ashraf on 28 October 1923. [85] Foroughi was disobliged towards Reza Shah, having been previously forced into retirement years earlier for political reasons with his daughter's father in-law being executed by firing squad. Faced with total collapse, the royal family (except the Shah and the Crown Prince) fled to Isfahan. "[35] He also imported hundreds of German technicians and advisors for various projects. When he entered into negotiations with the British, instead of negotiating a favorable settlement, Foroughi implied that both he and the Iranian people wanted to be "liberated" from the Shah's rule. Ontdek de perfecte stockfoto's over Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi en redactionele nieuwsbeelden van Getty Images Kies uit premium Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi van de hoogste kwaliteit. Het was niet de enige uiting van antiquarisme tijdens zijn regering. Tired of the opportunistic policies of both Britain and the Soviet Union, the Shah circumscribed contacts with foreign embassies. While Reza Khan and his Cossack brigade secured Tehran, the Persian envoy in Moscow negotiated a treaty with the Bolsheviks for the removal of Soviet troops from Persia. There is no adequate biography of Reza Shah. In april 1926 werd hij gekroond en nam hij de dynastieke pre-islamitische naam Pahlavi (Pahlawi, Pehlavi) aan. After his death, his body was carried to Egypt, where it was embalmed and kept at the royal Al Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo (also the future burial place of his son, the exiled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi). Progress toward modernization was spotty and isolated. [98] where the embalming was removed, and buried in a mausoleum built in his honor in the town of Ray, in the southern suburbs of the capital, Tehran. In 1932 the Shah offended Britain by canceling the agreement under which the Anglo-Persian Oil Company produced and exported Iran's oil. Opponents[who?] In 1941 he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Ontdek de perfecte stockfoto's over Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Of Iran en redactionele nieuwsbeelden van Getty Images Kies uit premium Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Of Iran van de hoogste kwaliteit. Tehran's water and food supply had faced shortages, and soldiers fled in fear of the Soviets killing them upon capture. In February 1921, as leader of the entire Cossack Brigade based in Qazvin he marched towards Tehran and seized the capital. Mohammad Gholi Majd, August 1941: The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran and Change of Shahs, University Press of America, 2012, p. 12. A power struggle between him and Mohammad Mosaddegh led to the latter’s ouster in 1953, with help from the United States and the United Kingdom. The couple had five children: Reza Shah was described as being a humble man, wearing a simple Russian Cossack army uniform (shunning the lavish Qajar style luxury), believing himself to be a service man of the country rather than a supreme monarch. [82], The collapse of the army that Reza Shah had spent so much time and effort creating was humiliating. Hij werd daarna commandant van de Kozakkenbrigade en in 1921 bevelhebber en brigadegeneraal. The assembly deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty, and amended Iran’s 1906 constitution to allow selection of Reza Pahlavi. Under these, Europeans in Iran had enjoyed the privilege of being subject to their own consular courts rather than to the Iranian judiciary. The unveiling issue and the Women's Awakening are linked to the Marriage Law of 1931 and the Second Congress of Eastern Women in Tehran in 1932. Tabataba'i werd minister-president, terwijl Reza Khan minister van Defensie, veldmaarschalk en opperbevelhebber werd. He eventually fired Millspaugh, and prohibited foreigners from administering schools, owning land or traveling in the provinces without police permission. HIM Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was the Shah of Iran. [54] This angered devout Muslims because it included a hat with a brim which prevented the devout from touching their foreheads on the ground during salat as required by Islamic law. This is The Official YouTube Channel of Reza Pahlavi of Iran [78] The bureaucracy fell apart, since officials preferred sycophancy, when anyone could be whisked away to prison for even the whiff of disobeying his whims. In 1935, Reza Shah asked foreign delegates and League of Nations to use the term Iran ("Land of the Aryans"), the endonym of the country, used by its native people, in formal correspondence. He also insisted that foreign advisors be employed by the Persian government, so that they would not be answerable to foreign powers. Two years after the 1921 Persian coup d'état, led by Zia ol Din Tabatabaee, Reza Pahlavi became Iran's prime minister. [79], Although the landed upper class lost its influence during his reign, his new regime aroused opposition not from the gentry but mainly from Iranian "tribes, the clergy, and the young generation of the new intelligentsia. Reza Pahlavi Interview with Wall Street Journal, 8 February 2017. [38] The government sponsored European education for many Iranian students. 5 talking about this. In his lifetime Reza Shah was married four times, first to Maryam Khanum (d.1904) with whom he had Hamdam Saltaneh (1903-1992); second to Nimtaj who was titled Taj ol-Moluk (1896-1982) with whom he had Princess Shams (1917-96), Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919 … Statement on the UN’s 2017 International Women’s Day, 8 March 2017. [86], In response to the Shah's defiance, the Red Army on 16 September moved to occupy Tehran. A sketch of his life is in his son's Mission for My Country (1961). Since then, in the Western World, the use of the word "Iran" has become more common. To counterbalance British and Soviet influence, Reza Shah encouraged German commercial enterprise in Iran.
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